Increasing water demand due to population growth and industrial development combined with inadequate wastewater treatment lead to conflicts of use in Jordan. Of relevance is, among others, phosphate mining with water and valuable material losses through wastewater collection in tailing ponds with a potential for water reuse of 3 million mÂł water per mine annually. The complex and varying wastewater composition requires treatment processes that enable sustainable water management with water reuse. Previous approaches have not been technically or economically successful due to the complex water matrix.
The novel solution approach is based on the investigation of energy-efficient ceramic flat-sheet membranes for solids separation and cost-effective and robust desalination processes for water reuse. For the first time, suitable resins and selective nanofiltration membranes are being tested for the separation of divalent ions. For chloride removal, low-cost polymer membranes or membrane-based flexible capacitive deionization will be tested. Heavy metals are separated using a novel selective absorber. Valorization of separated phosphate-containing solids in resulting concentrates adds value with a potential of 85,000 t/a of phosphate for a mine. The work includes laboratory testing and operational demonstration. Based on the exemplary application, there is transfer potential to phosphate mines in the Middle East and North Africa with a factor of 40. In addition, the transferability of the results to uranium mining will be examined. Within the framework of the project, cross-national cooperation between science and practice will take place, among other things on the basis of employee training courses, and the transfer of research results to university teaching.